Abwehr radio stations. Communications equipment of the Second World War German radio technology of the Second World War

02.06.202327.05.2017

vitos 19-02-2004 22:19

during the war our scouts were abandoned
behind the front line with radio station SEVER
What were the Abwehr reconnaissance groups equipped with?
characteristics of radio stations, name
company manufacturer
communication range
photo
In my opinion, SMERSH should have fallen into
a large number of radio stations

JRGN 20-02-2004 13:35

Maybe not quite to the point, but here are some things about radio stations. Taken from http://www.wehrmacht.ru/Text/Inf.Division%201.htm

"The regimental communications platoon consisted of a platoon commander (usually a lieutenant, a horseman), who was also part of the regimental headquarters, a headquarters section (radio operator, horseman, two signalmen), a small telephone department a, 2 medium telephone departments "b", 4 radio groups "d" , 2 four-horse telephone carts, one two-horse radio cart. The communications platoon was equipped with the following equipment: 10 field induction telephones (weight 5.9 kg), 2 folding switches (for 10 and 20 lines), 8 kilometers of light single-core field cable on large drums ( 500 m on a drum), 14 kilometers of heavy single-core field cable on large drums (750-1000 m on a drum), portable receiver type "d" (DORA), three-watt transmitter (operating frequencies 33.8-38 MHz), the transmitter was operated by two radio operators and could work with both a key and a microphone (transmitter weight 11 kg). The communication range was 15/5 (key/microphone) km. In addition to the regimental communications platoon, the regiment used nickel-cadmium batteries. other communications units operating at the battalion and company level. The regimental artillery had its own communications. The regimental communications platoon maintained contact with the regimental battalions, as well as with neighbors on the right. The platoon reported directly to the regimental commander. If necessary, regimental signalmen assisted the artillerymen. The main type of communication in the regiment was the telephone. Despite the fact that telephone operators constantly tried to provide reliable telephone communications, this was not easy to do. First of all, laying the telephone cable was time-consuming. In good terrain, it took telephone operators up to 20 minutes to lay 1 km of light cable. 1 km of heavy cable could be laid in half an hour. Sometimes the cable was suspended, but usually it was laid on the ground. During the offensive it was extremely difficult to maintain reliable telephone communications. In addition, the telephone cable was easily damaged by enemy fire, as well as by heavy vehicles and tanks. To eliminate the break, a signalman had to be sent along the cable. Signalmen had to operate in difficult conditions, often under enemy fire. It was especially difficult to repair the break at night, in mud or deep snow. In any case, it took a lot of time to repair the break. Therefore, in the front zone, two cables were usually laid at once, switching from one to the other in case of a break. The portable short-wave transceiver, which was brought into working condition in just 5-8 minutes, was free of these shortcomings. In addition, the radio could be used even during marches. The portable radio station was operated by three soldiers. The crew commander carried the antenna, spare batteries, headphones, etc. The first number carried the receiver, and the second carried the transmitter. However, the radio station also had disadvantages. First of all, it was very heavy and provided only simplex communication (transmission in only one direction was possible at the same time). The reliability and range of communications varied greatly depending on the weather. In any case, voice communication was provided over too short a distance; usually it was necessary to use a key. Since radiograms and even telephone conversations could be intercepted by the enemy, code names and code names were used."
Original http://www.wehrmacht.ru/Text/Inf.Division%201.htm

I also found a site on radio topics. See if you can find something there. I didn't watch it myself. http://home.snafu.de/wumpus/index.html

vitos 27-02-2004 22:03

all information on conventional radio stations of the ground forces
I'm interested in Abwehr spy radios
after all, in every captured group of the ball there is a radio station
was shown in the film "In August 1944"
regular military post-war

JRGN 28-02-2004 06:16

They don't show that in the movies

vitos 28-02-2004 18:53

ABWERH SPY RADIO-SE100/11
THERE WERE OTHERS

NOS 02-03-2004 18:50

Vitos,
I'll send it to you tomorrow. I have a book in which they (these transmitters) are.

With uv,
NOSE

GFO 03-03-2004 14:16

Nose, is it weak here? Based on my current work, I myself will be interested. And then we’ll move to radio stations. And you can watch this trash live in St. Petersburg in Kronverk.

NOS 04-03-2004 14:36

Greetings, colleagues.
Sorry for being late - I couldn’t find the book (then the scan got screwed up).
I'm sending:
1.Transmitter 109-3
Range: from 35 to 65 km. This instance is disguised as a transformer element (that’s where the English text on the cover comes from)
2. The outer cover of this artifact.
3. transmitter 100-11 (or 100/11). Mounted in a suitcase for easy portability. Range of action from 85 to 115 km.
4. Abwehr agent at work. Eastern Front, Elista region.

We haven't been able to find out more yet

NOS 04-03-2004 14:37

Sorry, before the digital numbering of devices there is the abbreviation SE (SE-100-3; SE-100-11)

vitos 04-03-2004 16:05

Great
may I know the source?
is there anything else on this topic?

NOS 04-03-2004 16:10

I give you the source.

H.Keith Melton "Der perfekte Spion. Die welt der geheimdienste." wilhelm heyne verlag. Munchen. 1996.

NOS 04-03-2004 16:13

On the topic of special radios and special equipment? Yes, great things in this book!
And for the Americans, and for the British, and for the Japanese and for the Germans (walkie-talkies, although only two are indicated). But Enigmas and Colossi alone are worth it, or two versions of the Japanese Machine Red. There are also rarities. Japanese Enigma and a special OSBONA radio, which ours used in Norway.

NOS 04-03-2004 16:15

There is one Enigma in Budapest, in the army museum. I've been wanting to twirl it in my hands for a long time. If my permit to work in the storerooms has not expired yet, then somehow I’ll try to print the photos as I should have used Enigma. I think someone is interested too.

vitos 04-03-2004 23:53

I hope to continue the topic and for the appearance of new photos
I wonder why there are no photographs of our trophies - is it really still a secret?

The communication range seems to be too short
By the way, what kind of radio station could Stirlitz have had?
RADIO OPERATOR KAT'S SUITCASE
I MEAN similar groups - RED KAPELLA, RADO group, TREPPER group
HOW THE GESTAPO EVALUATED THIS TECHNIQUE
AFTER 1942 WE SEEMED TO HAVE ENGLISH AND CANADIAN SOE Mk III RADIO STATIONS

NOS 05-03-2004 15:00

Hello,
Trepper's group, Rado and Rote Kapelle are one and the same

And I’ll send you English radios next week. Lots of them.

Antti 06-03-2004 10:12

The radio that OSNAZ used in Norway.
NOSE

If I understand correctly, the grounding can not be buried, but hung like an antenna?

JRGN 06-03-2004 19:26

NOSE. Thanks for the interesting material. There is a counter question. As far as I remember the content of “The Moment of Truth” (and I remember it quite well) and I know the history, the group operated there more than 100 km from the front line. The book mentioned that the radio station operated on short waves. What kind of transmitter do you think could be used in the situation described? In principle, r/s 100-11 is suitable, but surely in forest conditions the range of action is noticeably reduced... Maybe it’s possible to clarify this somehow? If the question seems amateurish, then I apologize in advance, I’m not a techie and my knowledge of the topic is very superficial
Z.Y. The photo is not entirely on topic, but still funny. This is the first half of the 30s, German police.

vitos 06-03-2004 23:15

radio interception service?

Antti 07-03-2004 09:50

What radio interception? Comrade is on patrol duty. The platoon commander drove up to check and wrote a note in the service book. Everything is like in the USSR.

JRGN 07-03-2004 13:19

Here's what the author of the post writes:
Here's what I know about this photograph. The picture is scanned from Nick Yapp's The Hulton Getty Picture Collection: 1930s, Koenemann, Koeln: 1998, p. 249. The caption reads: "Members of the German police force use two-way radios to send and receive messages from patrols, 1935."

NOS 08-03-2004 15:18

YRGN
I'll look through my archives at the radio stations you're asking for, maybe I'll find something and post it.
Unfortunately, my scanner crashed - I can’t send material on English and American radios used in Europe. (wait a bit).

On issues of grounding and forests. Yes, judging by the radios used in Norway, there were antennas scattered along branches, southern slopes of rocks or along elements of a railway bridge (in Norway there are so many of them, and they are so small that they were little guarded; and the metal construction enhances the effect of transmitters on medium and long waves.

Through the forest. Any novice signalman knows that it is difficult to transmit from the forest (especially after snowfall or rain; all instructions prohibited such a thing).
In addition, in Western Europe, Soviet troops were faced with another bullshit: transmissions from the old quarters of cities were incredibly jammed. Reason: under the tiled roof there were zinc (or galvanized sheets) that were welded together with lead).

The rest tomorrow.

With uv.
NOSE

NOS 08-03-2004 15:55

Here you go. It seems like it’s working (I hope), sorry for the quality, but I still hope it will work fine (I had to look through several reference books; mostly Hungarian and German).
So far, the appearance of English walkie-talkies:
1. Radio station SS-TR 1 (English, also MK-I)
2.MK-II
3.MK-III
4. English, American, Canadian SCR-504, also MK-IV)

NOS 08-03-2004 17:11

I'll try again (anyone can post some soap).

Antti 08-03-2004 18:12

quote: Originally posted by NOS:
Christmas trees, the pictures don’t go well
I'll try again (anyone can post some soap).

Colleague, soap in the profile, welcome.

ZLOY 22-03-2004 02:48

Sorry for OFFTOP
A friend of mine has a radio station that was demolished during WWII by his grandfather, a radio amateur from an American submarine. The radio station was made in Baltimore. The radio station looks like a black box, the size of an average monitor. The radio is fully operational. All parts are original. Can you tell me how much it might cost and how to sell it? My friend is begging me to help him sell this box abroad, preferably to America, and best of all - to the manufacturer. It's real? Thanks for the answer.

ZLOY 23-03-2004 04:28

Addition to OFFTOP
I copied a sign on an American radio station. It turned out that it was not made in Baltimore, but by order of a company located there.
Read

TYPE CCT - 04677
High frequency receiver
Frequency range 2 to 20 MC
Input 12 V DC/AC (25/60~) 2.0 Amp; 205 VDC 0.07 Amp
30 pounds serial 329

A unit of model RBM-4 equipment

Manufactured for NAVY DEPARTMENT - BUREAU OF SHIPS
By Stromberg - Carlson Telefone MFG. CO

Contractor WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING Co
Baltimore Maryland

PS Well, does anyone have any ideas?

This next review in our column about the history of international broadcasting “Broadcasting Beyond Borders” is dedicated to Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender, later Deutschen Überseesender - radio of Nazi Germany for abroad. Our editor has extensive material about this.

We will also talk about one of the most famous radio hosts of this radio service of the Third Reich, William Joyce, nicknamed “Lord Haw-Haw”, that is, “Lord Woof-Woof”.

In the audio file we offer an excerpt from a program about William Joyce of the Russian broadcast of the American radio station Radio Liberty dated 07/12/2012.

The program contains archival fragments of the Germany Calling program, hosted by Lord Haw-Haw, in Russian translation.

In our review, among other things, you can also read the text of this program.

In Germany, under the Nazis, propaganda was actively carried out against the population listening to enemy radio broadcasts.

Here we place a German poster from 1944 by cartoonist Max Spielmann under the title Verräter (“Traitor”), which depicts a German citizen listening at night to Radio Moscow and Radio London, apparently the corresponding German-language services of these radio stations. The large image on the poster is of the announcer of one of these stations, depicted in a repulsive manner.

Listening to foreign radio programs in Nazi Germany meant being sent to a concentration camp.

At the same time, in the USSR, practically no one among the population listened to the service broadcasting abroad from Germany, if only because it never broadcast in Russian.

Here we present a poster of the Kukryniksy of 1941 (USSR) with an image of Goebbels, who presents a summary of the German military command. It is interesting that the caricature is made in English.

On the cartoons: The governments of Great Britain and the United States of America, although they were afraid of the negative impact of foreign radio broadcasts of Nazi Germany, did not publicly declare this, because both in Britain and in the USA, also during the Second World War, the right to the opportunity to receive alternative information continued to exist. In these countries, no one was prosecuted for listening to programs from Berlin, Tokyo, or, for example, the USSR, although the latter was an ally.

During the war years, Washington continued to publish, among other things, Stevensons Radio Bulletin, a publication for radio amateurs, which also carefully placed on its pages radio broadcast schedules from Great Britain and Nazi Germany, as well as all other countries in the world. The same applied to the publication Short Waves, published by the Amateur Radio Alliance.

Against, in the USSR and Germany during the Second World War there was a ban on listening to foreign programs. In the Third Reich, the authorities preferred to produce mostly radios without the shortwave range. Some of the receivers even displayed a sign warning of penalties for listening to programs from abroad. Listening to foreign radio programs in Germany meant being sent to a concentration camp.

In the USSR, at the beginning of the war, radios were generally banned, the population had to voluntarily hand them over to the authorities for safekeeping. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in the Soviet Union during the Second World War, the population found itself tied to loudspeakers on the streets or wired radio points in apartments. Confiscated radios in the USSR were returned to the population only after the end of the war.

It’s funny that the official foreign broadcast of Nazi Germany, Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender (later Deutschen Überseesender), never even broadcast in Russian, although it worked in 30 languages. At the same time, Germany sponsored several Russian-language radio stations of various anti-Soviet movements broadcasting in the USSR.

In the Soviet Union and Germany during World War II, there was active propaganda against enemy radio broadcasting. At the beginning of this review we place a German poster from 1944 by cartoonist Max Spielmann under the title Verräter(“Traitor”), which depicts a German citizen listening at night to Radio Moscow and Radio London, apparently the corresponding German-language services of these radio stations. The large image on the poster is of the announcer from one of these stations, depicted in a repulsive manner.

In the USSR, a group of cartoonists known as the Kukryniksy, as well as Boris Efimov, produced many posters during World War II against the Nazi Minister of Education and Propaganda Goebbels and the mendacity of German radio. At the same time, in the USSR, practically no one among the population listened to the broadcasting service abroad from Germany, if only because, we repeat, it never broadcast in Russian.

We present a poster of the Kukryniksy of 1941 (USSR) with an image of Goebbels, who presents a summary of the German military command.

What was the radio of Nazi Germany abroad?

Qsl - a 1938 card of the foreign broadcast of Nazi Germany's Kurzwellensender radio with the inscription "Germany calling" in English and with a black overprint on the typographical error.

Foreign broadcasting radio stations sent out Qsl cards in exchange for listener reports about the audibility of programs. Now, with the transition from short waves to new technologies for broadcasting abroad - satellite and the Internet, foreign broadcasting stations are sending out such cards less willingly.

Transmission center Zeesen (Kurzwellen Sender Zeesen and Sender Zeesen) near Berlin. Shortwave broadcasts from the foreign radio broadcasting service of Nazi Germany were broadcast from this transmission center.

Here is the cover from a souvenir gramophone record from 1935.

Such records with a recording of the call signs of German foreign broadcasting and a German song were then sent to foreign listeners of the Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksende, the German foreign broadcasting.

The first radio broadcasts from Germany to foreign countries began even before the Nazis came to power, namely on August 29, 1929, when the German radio program for foreign audiences Weltrundfunksender (i.e. “World Broadcasting”) began operating.

The first broadcast of Weltrundfunksender was transmitted on the shortwave frequency 9560 kHz, in the 31.38 meter band, and the new service was engaged in rebroadcasting on shortwave German-language programs from domestic German radio stations, which in Germany itself were transmitted only on long and medium waves.

(Recall that long and medium radio waves (now gradually being phased out by radio broadcasters) can deliver a signal to a relatively small area (within a few hundred kilometers during the day, and several thousand kilometers at night; compare the FM broadcasts that appeared after the Second World War - the range is even shorter, only up to one hundred kilometers, but with good sound quality), while a shortwave transmitter, with successful passage, can cover up to half the globe, albeit with a not very high-quality signal.

Moreover, on short waves, by changing the bands (alternating the so-called “day” and “night”), it is possible to provide broadcasts over vast distances throughout the day. However, short waves, which once served as the main means of foreign broadcasting, are losing popularity, and international broadcasters are migrating to satellites on the Internet).

But let's go back to 1929. In addition to music programs, Weltrundfunksender rebroadcast news from the Berlin radio station Funk-Stunde Berlin (which in 1926 became the property of the German Post Office (Deutsche Reichspost); Funk-Stunde Berlin existed respectively from 1923 to 1934).

Weltrundfunksender's shortwave broadcasts were carried out from a transmission center known as the Zeesen Shortwave Transmitter (Kurzwellen Sender Zeesen), located in the town of Zeesen, near Berlin, now in Brandenburg.

It is interesting that even before the start of Weltrundfunksender, namely in 1925-1926. gg. Germany had already conducted test broadcasts from a shortwave transmitter installed on the medium-wave transmission center Deutschlandsender I, or Sender Königs Wusterhausen (also known as Senders Deutsche Welle GmbH until 1933), which was located near the town of Königs Wusterhausen, near Berlin (Brandenburg). ).

And it was from the long-wave transmission center Sender Königs Wusterhausen that the first radio transmission in Germany was launched back in 1920. In memory of this radio center, which broadcast on 231 kHz, fell into disrepair under the Nazis, but was revived for longwave broadcasts after World War II and is now closed again, the city of Königs Wusterhausen still features radio masts on its coat of arms.

Perhaps Sender Königs Wusterhausen would have become the main shortwave center of Nazi Germany, but there was no room for new transmitters and antennas. Therefore, in fact, a new radio center arose next door to it in Zeesen (Zeesen, Brandenburg).

Kurzwellen Sender Zeesen experienced a real heyday under Nazi rule (), although it was founded before they came to power.

In general, by 1933, the moment Hitler came to power, Germany had only two shortwave transmitters: one made by Telefunken, with a power of 8 kilowatts, and the other by Lorenz, with a power of 5 kilowatts.

(Both were located in Kurzwellen Sender Zeesen, where they were installed at its opening in 1929, and were dismantled as low-power already in 1941; In Zeesen, the Sender Zeesen transmitter, known as Deutschlandsender II, also worked in Zeesen from 1927.

Since 1939, this main long-wave 60-kilowatt transmitter, from which internal central radio broadcasting was broadcast (transmitter frequencies: since 1928 183.5 kHz; after 1934 - 191 kHz), was mothballed, because A new 500 kW Deutschlandsender Herzberg longwave transmitter, known as Deutschlandsender III, was built near Berlin (and also in Brandenburg).

An illustration from the pre-war German foreign broadcast booklet Kurzwellensender, published in English, shows the Haus des Rundfunks in Berlin and the building of Nazi Germany's shortwave foreign radio service next door.

The Broadcasting House, a modern building by the standards of that time, was built specifically for the purpose of preparing radio programs even before the Nazis came to power - in 1931. In the booklet, as we see, the caption to the photograph reads, we quote: “The German message to Germany itself comes from this most modern building of its kind (i.e., the Broadcasting House. Ed.), while her voice addressed to the listeners of the world, comes from a very small building, in the picture it is on the right, where the headquarters of the shortwave foreign broadcasting service is located.”

As we mentioned in our review, since 1933 the Kurzwellensender editorial office was located directly in the Broadcasting House, but with an expansion around 1937-1938. radio of Nazi Germany abroad - Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender - i.e. Shortwave World Radio Broadcasting occupied a separate small building, or rather a villa (on the right in the photo), next door to the aforementioned Berlin Broadcasting House, but a building designed specifically for external service was never built.

Interestingly, the Broadcasting House survived the war, and already on May 13, 1945, the Soviet occupation authorities conducted the first half-hour radio broadcast for the population of Berlin from this building. Although the building was located in the British occupation sector after the war, it was the headquarters of Berlin Radio under the Soviet occupation administration until 1950. From this Soviet station, the so-called Berlin program was subsequently formed. Radio of the German Democratic Republic, which subsequently broadcast from the GDR. In 1956, the Soviet administration handed over the Broadcasting House to the authorities of West Berlin, having first removed all the equipment to its sector of Berlin.

After the re-equipment, in 1957 the Broadcasting House housed the public broadcaster of West Berlin controlled by the Americans, the British and the French, Sender Freies Berlin, and since 2003, the building has housed the public broadcaster of Berlin and the German federal state of Brandenburg, Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB).

William Joyce aka "Lord Haw-Haw" - what does "Lord Woof-Woof" mean?

We offer an excerpt from a Russian broadcast by the American radio station Radio Liberty (Free Europe / Radio Liberty, RFE/RL dated 07/12/2012) about William Joyce (life 1906 -1946), nicknamed “Lord How-How ", that is, "Lord Woof-Woof", who was the most famous presenter of the English program for foreign radio of Nazi Germany..

First, an audio file with a recording of this program, containing archival fragments of the Germany Calling program, broadcast during the Second World War on the radio of the Third Reich:

audio file No. 1

And now the text:

“An archival excerpt from a foreign radio broadcast of Nazi Germany is transmitted:

Music and announcer announcement in German: “This is the House of Radio. What follows is the priority program we have prepared for all German transmission centers.”

Advertisement for William Joyce ("Lord Haw-Haw") in English: Germany Calling, Germany Calling(“Germany speaking”)

Vladimir Abarinov, a freelance correspondent for Radio Liberty in Washington, says:

So, in September 1939, shortly after the outbreak of World War II, the British heard a new, but immediately memorable voice on the airwaves of Berlin radio:

“Germany speaks, Germany speaks. Reich Radio broadcasts from Hamburg, via a transmitter in Bremen and a (shortwave) DXB transmitter. More news in English."

The announcer spoke perfect English with a slight Irish accent. His intonation was calm, without the hysterical strain characteristic of Nazi speakers, whose speeches were associated by the British with barking dogs, and therefore they nicknamed all the announcers of English-language programs on German radio “Lord Hau-Hau,” that is, “Lord Woof-Woof.” Subsequently, however, the nickname was assigned to this announcer.

"Lord How-How" (English): "The German High Command has announced: the occupation of Denmark and Norway has been carried out today in accordance with plan. The German Ambassador to Norway, Dr. Breuer, received representatives of the Norwegian press today and brought to their attention the text of the appeal to the Norwegian government. This text reads: “I would like to once again draw the attention of the Norwegian government to the fact that any resistance to Germany’s actions will be absolutely meaningless and will only lead to a worsening of Norway’s situation. I repeat, Germany has no intention of encroaching on the territorial integrity or political independence of the Kingdom of Norway, either now or in the future."

This imperturbable the voice belonged to William Joyce, - an Irishman born in America, a former associate of Oswald Mosley in the British Union of Fascists, and who subsequently organized the National Socialist League in the British Isles.

Just before the war, Joyce and his wife went to Germany to avoid internment under the Enemy Supporters Act (Defense Regulation 18B).

In his comments, William Joyce allowed himself somewhat cynical irony.

Here is a typical example from the time of the aerial “Battle of Britain” (1940):

“The British Ministry of Disinformation is waging a systematic campaign of intimidation against British women and girls by telling them about the dangers of German bomb fragments. In response to these warnings, British women require their milliners to make spring and summer hats from thin tin covered with silk, velvet or other drapery fabrics.”

Despite the contemptuous nickname, William Joyce's popularity was great. It aired nine times a day. According to British researchers, in 1939-1940. its audience in the UK was six million. The British wanted to hear, in addition to the official one, the German version of events.

Joyce's high ratings worried the British authorities, and the film magazine Pathé News (British Pathé) published a page entitled “Vile News from Lord Haw-Haw,” in which the actor Geoffrey Sumner parodied Joyce:

Archival audio from the Pathé News film magazine features a slightly parodied Nazi Germany radio call sign, followed by the words of Geoffrey Sumner, parodying William Joyce:

“Germany speaks, Germany speaks. This is nasty news in English, telling you the truth, the whole truth and nothing like the truth.”

Lord Haw-Haw recorded his last broadcast on April 30, 1945. in Hamburg (in fact, the program was recorded in a temporary studio at Apen station, where Joyce went closer to the transmitter..), on the day when Hitler committed suicide and the battle for Berlin was already taking place on its streets.

The recording was discovered by a British journalist, who later claimed that there was an unfinished bottle of gin standing nearby on the table in the studio. The fact that “Lord Haw-Haw” is tongue-tied can be heard on the recording without the journalist’s testimony:

From Lord Woof-Woof's last commentary, April 30, 1945 (entire 10-minute commentary; key excerpts here, Russian translation from English, also listen audio file):

"Good evening! Today I'm talking to you about Germany. This is a concept that many of you don't understand. But I’ll tell you that in Germany the spirit of unity and strength of spirit are still preserved. Here we have a united people, modest in their desires. They are not imperialists, they don't want to take over what doesn't belong to them, All they want is to live their simple lives without anyone bothering them from the outside. This is the kind of Germany we know.

Now I will tell you, my English listeners, what the problem is. Germany, if you like, no longer plays one of the main roles in Europe. I may be wrong, but German weapons were defeated on many battlefields. However, I ask you, is it possible for England to resist Soviet Russia without the help of the German legions? I'm an optimist. But for now I only see that England is allowing Germany to sacrifice its last asset in an attempt to stop the Bolshevik horde. Germany will survive because the people of Germany have the secret of life: perseverance, will and determination. And so I say to you in this last word, and you may not hear me again for several months, I say: “Ich Liebe Deutsch, Heil Hitler! And goodbye."

William Joyce was arrested in Flensburg by British military intelligence officers and brought before a British court. (Flensburg, on the German border with Denmark; the last Nazi government of Germany under the leadership of Admiral Karl Doenitz was located in the city. Note site). Joyce was charged with treason because he remained a British subject throughout the war.

Joyce was sentenced to death by hanging. The sentence was carried out in Great Britain. Joyce was only 39 years old."

From an essay by Russian Broadcasting Radio Liberty dated 07/12/2012

Site monitoring

More about the program Germany Calling and the device of foreign broadcasting of the Third Reich radio, see..

From a Nazi Germany radio booklet for foreign countries, 1938.

In the four illustrations below: Several pages from the foreign broadcasting booklet of Nazi Germany Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender, dedicated to the station’s programs for North America for May 1938.

The name Germany Calling for the program title is not yet mentioned in the booklet (it will appear later), but broadcasting to North America, as can be seen from this schedule, in 1938 was carried out in three blocks for almost nine hours a day. Moreover, the broadcasts include both programs in English and German: these are news, various thematic and music programs.

Also on the last page you can briefly learn that Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender in 1938 already had an extensive schedule for other regions of the world.

Cover of the German foreign broadcasting booklet Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender, dedicated to the station's programs for North America for May 1938.

Page of the program schedule of the German foreign broadcasting Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender for North America for May 1938. As you can see on this page, in 1938, broadcasts to North America from Germany were in three blocks with a duration of almost nine hours a day.

Page of the program schedule of the German foreign broadcasting Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender for North America for May 1938.

Page of the program schedule of the German foreign broadcasting Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender for North America for May 1938. Here you can find out what programs were offered to North American listeners. The programs alternated in English and German.

On the last page of the program schedule of the German foreign broadcasting Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender to North America for May 1938, one could briefly learn that Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender then already had extensive broadcasts for other regions of the world.

Schedules sponsored by ontheshortwaves.com

Almost immediately after Hitler came to power, German foreign broadcasting was transformed.

It began a new life on the night of April 1–2, 1933, with a special two-hour block of broadcasts (with news in German and English) aimed at North America, the first independent block of German foreign broadcasting programs. The staff of the new division of programs for foreign countries, which received the somewhat expanded name Deutscher Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender ("German Shortwave Broadcasting" - "World Broadcasting"), and was located in the Broadcasting House in Berlin, at that time amounted to seven people.

This radio of Nazi Germany abroad was part of the Reichs-Rundfunkgesellschaft and was managed by its own general director.

In February 1934, broadcasts of Deutscher Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender began to Asia, Africa and Latin America.

“In July 1935, the third shortwave transmitter of 12 kilowatts was put into operation at the Zeesen transmitting station. Depending on the time of day, for better transmission of the radio signal, broadcasting was carried out in the ranges from 13 to 60 meters. By the beginning of 1936, news was broadcast abroad from Germany up to 22 times a day in five languages: German, English, Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch. In total, the broadcast volume was 34 hours.

There were three different programs on the air at the same time, 75 percent of which were live broadcasts and only 25 percent were recorded from wax plates.

By 1935, the number of full-time employees was doubled: 27 people were already working on the Deutscher Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender program,” noted the modern foreign broadcaster of the Federal Republic of Germany, Deutsche Welle, in one of its programs on the history of radio, prepared in 1999, and continued:

“By 1936, the radio broadcast center in Zeesen already had a total of ten shortwave transmitters (eight of them with a power of 50 kilowatts) and 24 directional antennas. At that time it was the largest and most powerful shortwave transmission center in the world.”

Page of the American publication Short Waves, published by the Amateur Radio Alliance.

Page of the American publication Short Waves, published by the Amateur Radio Alliance. One of the issues from 1942.
Despite the fact that the United States was already at war with both Germany and Japan at the time, the magazine provided detailed coverage of the broadcast schedules and frequencies of these hostile stations.
Please note the leftmost column of this publication page. Here is the section “News in English about the situation at the fronts” (War News in English), which indicates the time and frequency of the main news releases in English from almost all the main players of the then world: Nazi Germany, the USSR, Great Britain, Japan, Italy, China , Sweden, as well as broadcasting from the colonial possessions. Regardless of whether these countries were then US opponents in the war. A detailed frequency schedule from around the world is given in the far right column of this publication page.
All this shows how strong freedom of speech was in the United States during the Second World War.

With the expansion of Nazi Germany's radio abroad - the Kurzwellensender - the Weltrundfunksender occupied a separate building next door to the aforementioned Berlin Broadcasting House, but a building designed specifically for external service was never built.

One of the incentives for the very rapid strengthening of German foreign broadcasting was the behavior of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.

In 1938, Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender already had about two hundred employees. By 1941, Nazi Germany was broadcasting abroad in 30 languages.. Subsequently, the number of languages increased slightly.

Nevertheless, The official foreign broadcast of Nazi Germany never worked in Russian, because felt that this was not very effective for a number of reasons. (In context: In 1941, the USSR authorities forced the population of their country to hand over radio receivers to the security authorities. The receivers were returned only after the end of the war). During the war, Germany, under the auspices of the special broadcasting organization Concordia, organized several radio stations in Russian: “For Russia”, “Old Guard”. Formally, these radio stations broadcast on behalf of Russian emigrant groups.

Since 1943, the name of Nazi Germany's official radio abroad was changed from Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender to Deutschen Überseesender, which can be translated as "German Foreign Broadcasting".

But much earlier, namely from September 18, 1939, foreign broadcasting Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender became known as Germany Calling(which in this case can be translated as “Germany speaking”).

Some sources indicate that the name Germany Calling("Germany Speaks") can only be attributed to the English-language programs of the European Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender service. However, as you can find out from, published in November 1940 by the official cultural representation of Germany in New York - the German Information Library (the United States had not yet fought against Germany at that time, the declaration of war would occur only on December 11, 1941, at which time the above-mentioned German Information Library), all Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender broadcasts to North America are also referred to as Germany Calling(“Germany speaking”)

This broadcast, broadcast (as of December 1940) ten times a day in blocks lasting from fifteen minutes to several hours, included twelve newscasts per day in English, four newscasts in German, and one each in Spanish and French, as well as conversation shows and music programs.

All of these broadcasts to North America were on shortwave, and according to the booklet, they used exclusively transmitters in Zeesen, in some cases two transmitters were operating simultaneously, but for the most part the broadcast was on one frequency and using only one transmitter.

A page from a booklet published in November 1940 by the official cultural representation of Germany in New York - the German Information Library.
The booklet describes the foreign radio broadcasts of Nazi Germany in the direction of North America.
In the booklet, all Kurzwellensender - Weltrundfunksender broadcasts to North America are also referred to as Germany Calling.
According to the booklet, broadcasts from what was then Germany to North America, broadcast (as of December 1940) ten times a day in blocks lasting from fifteen minutes to several hours, included twelve newscasts per day in English, four newscasts in German and one each in Spanish and French.
According to the schedule given in the booklet, the evening column “Lord Haw Haw speaks to England” was broadcast for fifteen minutes and three times a week.
Interestingly, this German publication officially uses the nickname “Lord Haw-Haw”, i.e. "Lord Woof-Woof."

Again, according to the booklet, as part of this broadcast, the evening column “Lord Haw-Haw Speaks to England” was broadcast for fifteen minutes three times a week » (Lord Haw Haw speaks to England). Interestingly, the German publication officially uses the nickname "Lord Haw-Haw", i.e. "Lord Woof-Woof" (See the above-mentioned booklet dated November 1940, published by the official cultural representation of Germany in New York - the German Information Library).

About the presenterGermany Calling William Joyce, nicknamed "Lord How-How", i.e. "Lord Woof-Woof" and his programs, and listen to the corresponding audio file.

Foreign broadcasts of Nazi Germany were broadcast for the last time on June 1, 1945 from a studio in Landshut, a city in Bavaria. This happened almost a month after Germany surrendered.

An interesting feature of the Third Reich radio for foreign countries was its active use of medium-wave transmitters, which broadcast programs from regional German radio stations at other times.

So news in French was published twice a day also on the waves of Reichssender Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Saarbrücken.

Program in English Germany Calling(“Germany Speaks”), in which William Joyce (“Lord Haw-Haw” - “Lord Woof-Woof”) performed, was actively broadcast through local program transmitters in Breslau-Wroclaw (Breslau, 950 kHz), Cologne (Cologne, 658 kHz) and German-occupied French Calais (Calais 191 kHz).

Actively used for broadcasting the program to the UK Germany Calling medium wave transmitter Sender Osterloog, which actually broadcast a local German-language radio program in Hamburg (Reichssender Hamburg). The Sender Osterloog transmitter, whose construction began in 1938 and was completed in the summer of 1939, was located in the Utlandshörn region, in East Frisia (the modern German state of Lower Saxony).

The peculiarity of Sender Osterloog was that this 100-kilowatt translator was built a few hundred meters from the dam on the North Sea, so in the dark, residents of the UK could perfectly receive programs from Osterloog even on the simplest radio receivers with only long- and medium-wave bands, namely, such receivers were very common at that time (In Germany, the cheap “People's Receiver” was produced exclusively with these bands. At the same time, listening to foreign stations in the Third Reich was prohibited, although receivers were not confiscated from the population, as was the case in the USSR during the war years ).

So, the signal from Sender Osterloog spread unhindered across the sea, as well as through the neighboring territory of the occupied Netherlands, to the British Isles located so close. In turn, the signal of German-language programs from the British Broadcasting Corporation and Radio Moscow, as well as local broadcasts from these countries, freely reached Germany on the same long- and medium-wave bands as on short waves.

In broadcasts Germany Calling The Sender Osterloog transmitter was announced as Sender Bremen for conspiracy purposes, although it was located far from Bremen. Also O The English-language broadcast was announced to be coming from Hamburg, although the programs were usually recorded in a studio in Berlin, and this broadcast came only occasionally from Hamburg. Moreover, in the last months of the war, “Lord Haw-Haw” broadcast from a studio located at the Apen railway station on the Oldenburg-Leer railway line, not far from Sender Osterloog. This was due to the fact that communication channels with Berlin and Hamburg were already broken.

His last comment was April 30, 1945 (listen audio file, ) "Lord Woof Woof" was also recorded in Apen.

It was the Sender Osterloog transmitter under the name Sender Bremen that was among those announced for transmission Germany Calling in the entry we provide in audio file. Another announced radio transmitter is the shortwave transmitter in Zeesen (now in Brandenburg) DXB. In general, the Germany Calling transmission was served by many shortwave transmitters of the Third Reich shortwave radio center in Zeesen: DJL (15,110 kHz), DXJ (7,240 kHz), DXM (6,200 kHz) and others.

The note also mentions programs in Russian, but as we already said in the review, Russian-language programs of Nazi Germany were not part of the official German foreign broadcasting, although they were broadcast, naturally, through the transmission facilities of the Reich.

And finally, about the post-war fate of some of the mentioned radio transmission centers of Nazi Germany.

The transmitting center in Zeesen (Kurzwellen Sender Zeesen and Sender Zeesen (Brandenburg) retained until the end of the war two working short-wave and long-wave transmitters, as well as two medium-wave transmitters. The short-wave and medium-wave radio center was dismantled by Soviet troops after 1946. The new long-wave transmitter operated until 1990 The radio center is now closed, but there is a museum in the former radio center.

Deutschlandsender Herzberg (Brandenburg) was destroyed by Allied bombing in 1945, the remaining equipment was dismantled by Soviet troops and is believed to have been taken to Ukraine.

Sender Osterloog (Lower Saxony) after the end of the war was used to broadcast Allied programs, in particular British military radio programs, then it was modernized and broadcast local programs from the north of Germany: NWDR, then divided into Norddeutschen Rundfunk (NDR) and Westdeutschen Rundfunk (WDR). In 1950, a shortwave transmitter was installed at the Osterloog transmission center. Three years later, this shortwave radio transmitter was used for some time to broadcast foreign broadcasts of the newly formed Federal Republic of Germany - radio station Deutsche Welle, which later moved its broadcasts to a new transmission center in Jülich, in modern North Rhine-Westphalia. Sender Osterloog is now closed.

Having survived the Second World War, the old transmission center Sender Königs Wusterhausen (Brandenburg) was closed at the end of the war, but then several long-wave and medium-wave transmitters were installed here, broadcasting GDR stations: Radio DDR, Berliner Rundfunk, Radio Berlin International (on medium wave ), Ferienwelle Rostock and Soviet stations in German: Radio Volga / Radio Moskau; After the war, several shortwave transmitters were built here, broadcasting Stimme der DDR and Radio Berlin International. This transmission center is now closed.

Maxim Istomin for website

Schedules used were ontheshortwaves.com, swcountry.be, americanradiohistory.com; information from the sites: ontheshortwaves.com, radio-museum.de, rundfunk-nostalgie.de, bbc.co.uk/archive, xklsv.org, funkerberg.de, oldtimeradio.de, historylearningsite.co.uk, as well as digitalpostercollection. com/propaganda/1939-1945-world-war-ii/germany and other sources;

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Maybe someone will be interested in plunging into history. We have seen a lot in films, but let’s take a closer look at what our grandfathers fought with. How they forged a great victory.

Communication is always a sacred thing, and in battle it is even more important..."

Commanding troops without reliable means of communication is simply unthinkable - units cannot be quickly assembled into a strike fist or effectively commanded on the battlefield. Of course, during the Great Patriotic War, the situation with the saturation of communications equipment in combat units was completely different than now - no satellite communications or portable radios. Infantry, artillery and guards mortarmen mainly used wired telephones, and only tank troops, aviation and the navy actively mastered radio communications. This material is about the means of communication used during the Second World War, which were used both in the Red Army and the Wehrmacht troops, as well as about those devices that were supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease.

To do this, we will visit the Central Museum of the Russian Army in Moscow, as well as the special “RKK Radio Museum”, which gave us much more information - its main exhibitions today have no analogues in Russia. In the first part of this essay we will look at the communications equipment used by the Red Army, in the second - the solutions that were used in the Wehrmacht, as well as the equipment that was available to units of the Red Army under Lend-Lease.

Communications in the Red Army

Unfortunately, in the pre-war years, the People's Commissariat of Communications of the USSR and the Communications Directorate of the Red Army did not provide the required number of special enterprises that produced communications equipment. As the People's Commissar of Communications, Marshal of the Signal Corps Ivan Peresypkin, writes in his memoirs, the communications industry was very low-power. In the USSR there was a single plant, "Krasnaya Zarya", which produced and supplied countries with telephone equipment of all types, the plant named after. Kulakov, who made telegraph devices ST-35 and Bodo, i.e. provided telegraph communications, and the plant named after. Comintern, which made powerful radio equipment. Thus, by the beginning of the war with Germany, due to the insufficient capacity of the communications industry, it was not possible to implement the planned program of rearmament of the communications troops with everything necessary. However, interesting means of communication were still present.

For example, an excellent radio station RB (3-R) is a portable transmitting and receiving half-duplex HF radio station for communication in infantry and artillery regimental networks. It was she who was located at the command posts of battalions and regiments, receiving reports of breakthroughs and counterattacks, allowing the coordination of actions over an area of several tens of square kilometers.

Power was provided from BAS-60 dry batteries (four pieces) and a 2NKN-22 battery, which were placed in a separate battery box. Its production began in 1938. The RB model turned out to be so successful that the Americans in 42-43. they even asked for a license to produce it, but they were refused.

Modified radio station RB-M.

Or the legendary “Sever-bis” - the favorite radio station of special forces, special forces, reconnaissance raiders and other special units. Suspended on her back, she more than once saved the life of a radio operator, taking bullets from enemy rifles and submachine guns, fragments from anti-personnel mines and tripwires - this example is well described in the novel “Star” by E. Kazakevich. In general, radio stations of the "North" type provided radio communications at a distance of up to 500 km, and with carefully selected radio frequencies and good transmission of radio waves, virtuoso radio operators often managed to increase their range to 600-700 km.

Radio station "North".

Thanks to the constant assistance of the People's Commissariat and the Main Communications Directorate of the Red Army, the radio communication network used by the same Central Headquarters of the partisan movement (where they mainly worked on devices of the "North" type) was constantly developing from month to month. If by the beginning of December 1942 the Central Headquarters had 145 operating radio stations, then by the beginning of January 1944 there were already 424, maintaining contact with more than 1.1 thousand partisan detachments. It was also possible to deliver ZAS complexes - classified communications equipment - to "Sever", but it weighed a few more kilograms - so they preferred to speak in a simple code, working according to a changing schedule, on different waves and using maps with grids to encode the squares of the troops' locations. In general, initially such devices were created for the GRU and the NKVD, but then they began to be transferred to the troops. Production began in 1941. It was produced even in besieged Leningrad.

Several types of A-7 infantry radios - in the photo there are three radios with different appearances, usually they also needed a set of batteries.

Complete set of radio station A-7-A in a wooden box.

The A-7-A radio station is a modification of the A-7 infantry VHF radio station. Powered by dry batteries BAS-80 (two pieces) and battery 2NKN-10. It was supplied to the troops from the beginning of 1944. It was intended for communication in the networks of rifle regiments and artillery divisions. With its help, it was possible to negotiate by radio from a command or observation post, even through a telephone connected to the radio station by a wire line up to 2 km long (this is so that, according to the radio bearing, the command post where it was located would not be attacked by enemy artillery). In addition, this is a “hybrid” - such a thing could work as a telephone for communication over wires.

12-RP is a short-wave infantry radio station of the 1941 model. It consists of separate transmitter and receiver units.

At the beginning of the war, some of the combined arms commanders overestimated wire communications and did not always believe in radio equipment. This attitude towards radio communications at the beginning of the war received a very apt definition - “radio fear”. Unfortunately, many commanders and staff officers of rifle units and formations suffered from this “disease” in 1941-1942. Even front headquarters officers continued to view the telephone as the main means of communication for a long time after the start of the war. For them, a line break was often tantamount to losing contact with subordinate troops. For organizational and technical reasons, the potential of radio communications in the Red Army was far from being fully used. True, radiophobia was not observed in aviation, in armored and mechanized forces, or in the Navy.

The RSB-F military short-wave radio transmitter is a land version of the transmitter from the bomber's HF radio set (RSB). Production began in 1940. It was used as an exciter as part of powerful radio stations such as RAF-KV-3, or as an independent radio station RSB-F with US or KS-2 receivers. RSB-F radio stations could be mounted in cars, carts, snowmobiles, or transportable boxes.

This was corrected by decisive measures - in 1942, the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief decided to introduce personal radio stations for commanders and commanders. Wherever the front commander or army commander is, his personal radio station should always be with him. Along with the radio operators, there had to be an operations department officer and a cryptographer at the radio station. This decision was very important and played a big role in improving troop control. And already in the second half of the war, cases of underestimation of radio communications or misuse of various means of communication were rare.

Combined arms radio station for rifle and artillery regiments 13-R.

Due to the rapid advance of German motorized infantry and tank forces in the first war months, the main factories that produced communications equipment (in Leningrad, Kyiv, Kharkov) were evacuated and were able to begin production only in 1942. Therefore, all the activities that were carried out to develop communications, in relation to material and technical support, were carried out partly through the mobilization of internal resources, partly through evacuated property. The Red Army was in great need of communications equipment, but industry did not temporarily supply them. What solution did they find? In civilian communications institutions, telephone and telegraph equipment was removed, portable telegraph stations were taken away, and all this was sent to the Red Army.

UNA-F-31 is a field telephone with a phonic call, model 1931. Appeared as a result of improvements to the UNA-F-28 apparatus. With this phone the Red Army entered the Great Patriotic War.

Another extremely common type of communication on the battlefield is wired telephones. Now it seems that this is completely outdated, especially for the younger generation living in the age of mobile communications. But do not underestimate this type of communication - in the absence of any infrastructure (especially cellular base stations), literally “in the field” such phones allow you to secretly control troops (you can only eavesdrop on a telephone conversation by connecting directly to the cable), they cannot be located by activity using them, it is impossible to get an idea of the possible actions of troops (defense, offensive, readiness for a breakthrough, etc.

TABIP-1 is a telephone set of the 1941 model with an inductor call, without power supplies. The principle of operation of the device is based on the Bell circuit, in which speech transmission occurred due to the EMF created in the line by the reversible electromagnetic capsule of the telephone handset.

In addition, these are inexpensive, mobile and highly functional systems that are mutually compatible with each other. And almost any sergeant with a secondary technical education who has completed a short course in handling such “hardware” can operate a field telephone.

Military telephones TAI-43 (a field telephone system with an inductor call, model 1943; throughout the war it was produced in wooden boxes) and UNA-FI-43 (had an increased range). They were used for telephone communication between large military headquarters via telegraph lines (simultaneously with the operation of the telegraph), as well as for communication where it was necessary to use both phonic and inductor calls).

Field switch PK-10 for ten subscribers in a protective casing - usually used at the command post of a rifle or artillery regiment.

71-TK-1 is a tank HF transmitter of the 1933 model from the set of the 71-TK-1 radio station, which provided two-way communication on armored vehicles - for example, exactly such devices were installed on Soviet BT-7 tanks. Separate transmitter and receiver units.

"Malyutka-T" is a tank receiver that could be installed on private armored vehicles.

Tank radios usually consisted of two blocks - a receiver and a transmitter; power was provided from the tank's on-board network through a special converter (umformer). Such radio stations were used mainly by unit commanders - the orders given by them had to be carried out unconditionally. In addition, the transmission of such radio stations was circular - simultaneously to everyone. It is noteworthy that the tank radio stations of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht operated on different frequencies, so the opposing troops were physically unable to hear each other’s orders.

Receiver of the aviation radio station RSI-4A (1941) and transmitter of the aviation HF radio station RSI-4.

At the beginning of the war, the newest fighters of the Red Army Air Force found themselves practically without radio communication between themselves, the command posts of air regiments, as well as VNOS (air surveillance, warning and communications) posts, not to mention the aircraft controllers in the ground forces. Mostly without radio communications, the Air Force fighter regiments entered combat operations in June 1941 - according to the military doctrine of that time, this was not necessary: the main task of the fighters was to cover large masses of attack aircraft and bombers that destroyed enemy airfields to gain air superiority .

Reception points for wire broadcasting in the USSR.

Radios in Germany, which could pick up many European radio stations, had signs like this added to them at the beginning of World War II.

Translation from German - it doesn’t seem so scary. There was no total confiscation of radios, as in the USSR.

By the way, only such radio points were allowed for private users in the USSR - each region of the country had its own radio station, and broadcasting was carried out over wire channels. The circuit was closed, and apart from official information, it was simply impossible to hear any other data through these receiving points. All other receivers were supposed to be handed over at the very beginning of the war - on June 25, 1941, the Politburo decision was made “On the handing over of radio receiving and transmitting devices by the population.” It was formalized as a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. These radio receivers and transmitting devices were subject to temporary storage within 5 days in view of the fact that they could be used, as stated in the resolution, “by enemy elements for purposes aimed at harming Soviet power.” Some of these devices were then used to make the most common field radio stations for troops.

By the middle of the war, the situation with radio communications in the Red Army had changed almost completely. As officers of the Wehrmacht radio intelligence regiments admitted, “the work of Russian radio operators differed in many ways from the work of the British. The Russians often changed radio data, used special passwords, and worked at high speeds. All this made it difficult to intercept radio transmissions and eavesdrop on Russian radio stations...”

In addition, during the war, for the first time in our army, numerous communications units of the Supreme High Command Reserve were created, large headquarters began to widely use mobile units, special-purpose units, and personal radio stations of commanders and commanders. All this did not exist before the war. Also new were communication through one command authority, the widespread use of telephone communications at all levels of command, counter-interaction radio communications, and communications between rear services via independent networks.

Thus, the success of many operations was ensured by knowledge of the specific situation as a result of constant communication with the troops. An interesting remark by Marshal Vasilevsky is that “... there was no urgent need for I.V. Stalin to go to the front, since the Supreme Commander-in-Chief had all the lines of telephone and telegraph communication,” and, therefore, he was well informed about the situation affairs at the fronts.

Radio communications and field telephone communications during World War II brought much new technology to command and control tactics. The tactics of deep breakthroughs, the offensive of large mechanized formations, the release of airborne assault forces behind enemy lines - all these events required providing the troops with reliable communications with the command. Nowadays, satellite and tactical radio stations can easily be imagined not only in service with various special forces and airborne units, but also in ordinary motorized rifle units. True, the saturation of modern means of communication is still low - for example, the system for exchanging tactical information between individual combat vehicles of tank and motorized rifle units in the Russian army has not yet been developed. Nevertheless, there are many interesting hardware options for organizing the management of armed forces units. Therefore, it is doubly interesting how it all began.

In the second part of the essay, we will look at the communications equipment supplied to the USSR during the Second World War under Lend-Lease. In addition, we will also consider communication devices used by the Wehrmacht troops.

Military communications in Germany were at a high professional level - this was facilitated by the small number of combat vehicles (compared to the USSR) and the familiarity of the officer corps with the advantage of controlling troops using radio communications. Of course, not everything was perfect. However, the “blitzkrieg” tactics that dominated the Wehrmacht since the late 30s were unthinkable without communication between various combat units of the same type of troops (usually tanks and motorized rifles) with each other, as well as interaction with supporting artillery and aviation units. In the first part of the material, we looked at the specifics of telephone and radio communications in the Red Army, and now, in the second part of the material, we will look at the solutions that were used in the Wehrmacht, as well as the equipment that was available to parts of the Red Army under Lend-Lease.

Communications in the Wehrmacht

True, the Germans were by no means original in this matter - there were similar developments in the Red Army. Another thing is that in terms of the pace of development of new radio equipment in the pre-war years, Germany was significantly ahead of both the USSR and its allies. This was objectively due to the fact that it was in Germany in the early 1930s. Inventions were patented that largely determined the development of radio technology for many decades.

Backpack all-arms all-wave receiver "Berta" - manufactured in 1935.

Field telephone FF-33 - used in Wehrmacht infantry units.

Small field switch for ten subscribers.

Portable VHF infantry radio station "Dora-2" - manufactured in 1936.

Transportable infantry radio station "Friedrich" (1940).

Portable VHF infantry radio station "Friedrich" (1942) and on the right - SOLDIAT-MOTOR for charging batteries in the field (1944).

15-watt combined arms HF radio station.

The basis of all the armies of the world at that time were rifle and motorized units. At the beginning of the war, portable VHF radios were used at the company and platoon level in the Wehrmacht - for example, Torn.Fu.d2, which was developed back in 1936 and was successfully used until the very end of the war. However, the operating range of Torn.Fu.d2 (33.8-38 MHz) did not allow direct communication with either tanks or the new Feldfu.f VHF radio stations that appeared in 1944 (a successful development that served as a prototype for our R-105M) . In addition, in the Wehrmacht at the platoon and company level, along with radio and telephone communications, the ancient method of communication was preserved - heliocommunication, when messages were transmitted in Morse code during the day using a mirror, and at night with a flashlight. Quite primitive, but in many cases very effective. In addition, the German infantry battalion had armored personnel carriers with VHF radio stations with a transmission radius of 3 km and, on the same armored personnel carriers, radio stations for communication with the command. Formally, there were twelve of these armored vehicles in the battalion, but in practice, after active fighting in the first months and until the end of the war, no more than half.

On the left is a tank VHF receiver "Emil" (manufactured in 1936), on the right is a 10-watt tank transmitter "Caesar" (manufactured in 1938). This “link” was used to communicate the tanks with each other and with the commander.

Tank ground-to-air VHF receiver Ukw.E.d1 (manufactured in 1939) was used to communicate with tank units and dive bombers and attack aircraft.

Fug17 is an air-to-ground radio station.

30-watt medium-wave tank transmitter.

Fu16 - 10-watt radio station for self-propelled guns (for example, "Ferdinand"); on the left is the Heinrich receiver, on the right is the transmitter.

Samples of receivers and transmitters for Luftwaffe aircraft (left), an on-board receiver for blind landing by radio beam from an airfield.

German pilots actively used radio stations installed on fighters during the war in Spain in 1936. By July 1938, Bf-109C-1 aircraft replaced the He-51. The pilots appreciated the new aircraft, which, in addition to a more powerful engine and enhanced weapons, had another important advantage - the FuG 7 radio station, which made it possible to ensure the interaction of fighters in a group, as well as receive instructions from the ground. German Ju-87s left a terrible memory among Soviet infantrymen and tank crews. The machines were slow-moving and, generally speaking, did not represent anything unique - but they brilliantly destroyed targets, since there was a special officer on the ground who guided the planes. In addition, two headquarters aircraft usually flew as part of the Junkers unit, which controlled the raid by radio.

VHF radio station "Doretta" - model Kl.Fu.Spr.d.

The Germans managed to completely solve the problem of interaction between different types of armed forces only in 1944 with the advent of a small VHF radio station "Doretta" (Kl.Fu.Spr.d) - it had common channels with both tank radio stations and Feldfu.f , and with Torn.Fu.d2. “Doretta” turned out to be really small in size, it was worn on a waist belt, but despite its miniature size, it made it possible to communicate confidently over distances of 1-2 km. True, for this they used a rather long vertical antenna and a heavy battery. It was then that German fighters and front-line dive bombers began to be guided from the ground by a whole network of gunners with just such miniature radio stations.

Receiver for control services Fu.H.E.c (manufactured in 1938).

VHF receiver for control services Fu.H.E.c (manufactured in 1940).

Radio reconnaissance was also actively used in the German army. For example, special receivers and direction-finding stations were in service with radio reconnaissance regiments - in the early 40s and until the end of the war, there were eight of them in the Wehrmacht, of which six were sent to the Russian front. In addition, in Berlin, at the main headquarters of the German armed forces, there was a radio eavesdropping center - the highest body in charge of radio intelligence. A radio regiment usually consisted of two or three radio reconnaissance groups, a long-range radio reconnaissance company and a short-range radio reconnaissance company. Each company consisted of an eavesdropping platoon (70 people) and a decryption platoon, where people with higher mathematical education served. There was also a platoon of translators (30 people) and a platoon of processing radio intelligence data.

Semi-automatic mechanical telegraph key The Eddystone Bug Key

Telegraph key J-45

with a clip for mounting on the radio operator's knee in a vehicle. Post WWII marked KY-116/U, NATO (USA)

Telegraph key from the BODO telegraph apparatus kit with switching switches

Produced by Siemens & Halske in St. Petersburg before the revolution and after nationalization. The serial number of this model is "3". Railway and other types of wire communications in Russia, 1920s

Training key

It is known that such keys were used by radio operators of partisan detachments during the war.

(before 1941, USSR)

Tank radio station 71TK-3

Found in a swamp on the border of the Luga and Gatchina districts of the Leningrad region in the retreat zone of the 41st Rifle Corps.

Military communications in Germany were at a high professional level - this was facilitated by the small number of combat vehicles (compared to the USSR) and the familiarity of the officer corps with the advantage of controlling troops using radio communications. Of course, not everything was perfect. However, the “blitzkrieg” tactics that dominated the Wehrmacht since the late 30s were unthinkable without communication between various combat units of the same type of troops (usually tanks and motorized rifles) with each other, as well as interaction with supporting artillery and aviation units. we looked at the specifics of telephone and radio communications in the Red Army, and now, in the second part of the material, we will look at the solutions that were used in the Wehrmacht, as well as the equipment that was available to parts of the Red Army under Lend-Lease.

Communications in the Wehrmacht

In preparation for war, the German command back in 1936 adopted the doctrine of military radio communications, which determined the range of radio equipment for various types of troops, their frequency ranges, etc. Radio communications were considered as one of the decisive factors in the superiority of individual armored and motorized units of Germany over similar units of other opponents, therefore the installation of transmitting and receiving wireless devices was considered in the aspect of a “large” tactical task, ranging from use within a separate military unit (platoon, company , tank), and to the level of army leadership.
True, the Germans were by no means original in this matter - the same developments were made in the Red Army. Another thing is that in terms of the pace of development of new radio equipment in the pre-war years, Germany was significantly ahead of both the USSR and its allies. This was objectively due to the fact that it was in Germany in the early 1930s. Inventions were patented that largely determined the development of radio technology for many decades.

Backpack all-arms all-wave receiver "Berta" - manufactured in 1935.

Field telephone FF-33 - used in Wehrmacht infantry units.

Small field switch for ten subscribers.

After 1933, the German radio industry managed to create more than 1 thousand different types of receivers, transmitters and radio stations for all areas of military affairs. But not many copies were used. However, let's be realistic. Although the General Staff of the German Ground Forces formulated two main requirements for saturation of the Wehrmacht - “full motorization and stable radio communications” - they were not met in practice. Yes, all mobile armored vehicles of the Wehrmacht at the start of the war were radio-equipped (that is, they had a receiver), but this was organized for the simple reason that there were not so many of them (several thousand Wehrmacht tanks versus tens of thousands in the Red Army). In addition, the “feedback” of this “tank avalanche” and, consequently, operational control was a bit difficult. The situation was even worse with interaction with infantry and artillery - it was also in a limited mode, since tank and infantry units, for example, used different non-overlapping frequencies and were forced to act through higher headquarters. In addition, the transition to radio communications was psychologically difficult for German officers. At one time, Chief of the General Staff Beck asked Guderian: “How will they lead the battle without having either a table with cards or a telephone?”

Portable VHF infantry radio station "Dora-2" - manufactured in 1936.

Transportable infantry radio station "Friedrich" (1940).

Portable VHF infantry radio station "Friedrich" (1942) and on the right - a soldier-motor for charging batteries in the field (1944).

The basis of all armies in the world at that time were rifle and motorized units. At the beginning of the war, portable VHF radios were used at the company and platoon level in the Wehrmacht - for example, Torn.Fu.d2, which was developed back in 1936 and was successfully used until the very end of the war. However, the operating range of Torn.Fu.d2 (33.8-38 MHz) did not allow direct communication with either tanks or the new Feldfu.f VHF radio stations that appeared in 1944 (a successful development that served as a prototype for our R-105M) . In addition, in the Wehrmacht at the platoon and company level, along with radio and telephone communications, the ancient method of communication was preserved - heliocommunication, when messages were transmitted in Morse code during the day using a mirror, and at night with a flashlight. Quite primitive, but in many cases very effective. In addition, the German infantry battalion had armored personnel carriers with VHF radio stations with a transmission radius of 3 km and, on the same armored personnel carriers, radio stations for communication with the command. Formally, there were twelve of these armored vehicles in the battalion, but in practice, after active fighting in the first months and until the end of the war, no more than half.

Tank ground-to-air VHF receiver Ukw.E.d1 (manufactured in 1939) was used to communicate with tank units and dive bombers and attack aircraft.

Fug17 is an air-to-ground radio station.

30-watt medium-wave tank transmitter.

Fu16 - 10-watt radio station for self-propelled guns (for example, "Ferdinand"); on the left is the Heinrich receiver, on the right is the transmitter.

An extremely interesting option has been developed and used for communication between various branches of the military since 1939. For example, in addition to the 10-watt Fu 5 radio stations, which provided communication between German tanks in the range of 27-33 MHz, 20-watt Fu 7 radio stations were additionally installed on command tanks and armored personnel carriers, which operated in the range of 42-48 MHz and were intended for communication with by plane. On airplanes, for communication with tanks, FuG 17 radio stations were installed (usually the station was installed on the command aircraft of a dive bomber squadron). Thus, the commander of a tank battalion could calmly, while acting on the battlefield, call and coordinate the work of several combat squadrons in real mode according to the principle “destroy the battery on the edge of the forest to the left of my battle formations!” Such radio stations were installed on Pz.Bef.Wg tanks. III, V, VI, VI B Tiger II, 35(t), Pz.Beow. IV, armored vehicles Sd.Kfz. 250/3 and 251/3, Sd Kfz. 260. Theoretically, each tank regiment could direct aircraft for its own breakthrough. In the tank forces of the Red Army, everything was different - only the observation post of the division commander had direct telegraph communication via the ST-35 terminal with attack aircraft that interacted with the army, which was rare, usually it was supported through the front headquarters or the headquarters of the air army attached to it.

Samples of receivers and transmitters for Luftwaffe aircraft (left), an on-board receiver for blind landing by radio beam from an airfield.

VHF radio station "Doretta" - model Kl.Fu.Spr.d.

Receiver for control services Fu.H.E.c (manufactured in 1938).

VHF receiver for control services Fu.H.E.c (manufactured in 1940).

Radio reconnaissance was also actively used in the German army. For example, special receivers and direction finding stations were in service with radio reconnaissance regiments - in the early 40s and until the end of the war, there were eight of them in the Wehrmacht, of which six were sent to the Russian front. In addition, in Berlin, at the main headquarters of the German armed forces, there was a radio eavesdropping center - the highest body in charge of radio intelligence. A radio regiment usually consisted of two or three radio reconnaissance groups, a long-range radio reconnaissance company and a short-range radio reconnaissance company. Each company consisted of an eavesdropping platoon (70 people) and a decryption platoon, where people with higher mathematical education served. There was also a platoon of translators (30 people) and a platoon of processing radio intelligence data.

Radio equipment under Lend-Lease

The Americans were doing much better with communications, and they were well aware of the achievements of the Germans in the field of radio frequency materials and technologies. In addition, by the beginning of the war, both in the USA and in England, quite a lot of models of equipment for military communications were being produced. Deliveries of such equipment to the USSR were an important part of supplies under the Lend-Lease agreement.

V-100-B - provided radio communications in the regiment-battalion link.

Kit for remote control of transceiver radio stations at a distance of up to 3 km.

The Red Army was greatly helped by the supply of 400-watt car radios. The Americans initially sent them along with cars. Then the packaging changed - they began to pack it in large boxes, each of which contained a body with a radio station without a car. The Americans themselves supplied the cars via a different line. The Red Army also received these vehicles and installed radio stations on them - they were widely used at the level of army and division headquarters. Portable HF radios V-100 and BC-654, equipped with hand-held generators (“soldier-motors”), were used for communications in the division-regiment and regiment-battalion links. Our veterans are well aware of the American SCR-274N aviation radios, consisting of separate oblong aluminum blocks, and the WS 19 Mk II tank stations, developed in England and produced in the USA and Canada.

Compact infantry radio station in a backpack design.

The prototype of the modern “mobile phone” - a 3-4 km radio station for communication with artillery - was widely used in the USA during the Pacific War for communication with landing ships and fire support, but was not supplied to the USSR.

But mass supplies to the USSR of American-made equipment intended for radio communications on the front line, i.e. at the company and platoon level, not noted. Although such means of communication in the American army in the 1940s. have already been.

Charging units for recharging batteries in the field.

Charging units - so-called. soldier motors 3- and 5-kilowatt. They were supplied very generously under Lend-Lease - at first the Red Army did not even know what to do with them, i.e. They couldn’t use them all, there was such a mass.

conclusions

Radio communications and field telephone communications during the Second World War brought a lot of new things to the tactics of command and control of the Soviet Union and Germany, in addition, changes affected the armies of all sides participating in the war from Japan to the United States. The tactics of deep breakthroughs, the offensive of large mechanized formations, airborne assault behind enemy lines, the assault on islands - all these events required providing the troops with reliable communications with the command. Nowadays, satellite and tactical radio stations can easily be imagined not only in service with various special forces and airborne units, but also in ordinary motorized rifle battalions. and in the second part of the material we tried to show the “hardware” with which all these modern systems that are now in service with our troops began - in the field of military communications, the creators of weapons have always tried to use the best solutions, no matter who owns them.

The difficult path of creating (or rather recreating) military radio communications in Germany began in the late 20s of the last century, when, after defeat in the First World War, according to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, the German army was limited to 100,000 people, and airplanes were completely excluded and armored vehicles, and also imposed severe restrictions on the German navy. Accordingly, the German army was left without radio communications, which were quite widely used in the First World War...

In 1922, W. Rathenau concluded a secret agreement with the USSR on programs for joint education and training of military personnel, and in order to achieve secrecy, the “guests” from Germany officially resigned, and with an unspoken continuation of promotions and accrual of length of service for retirement. Well, literally a decade and a half later, these same “guests” said a very big “thank you” to all the inhabitants of the USSR! But let’s leave this aside, since our story is not about customs, not about the disgusting principles of the “European world order,” but about something else...

In the 20s, German troops conducted experiments using broadcast receivers in lightly armored and unarmored vehicles, created some sketches of new requirements and standards, and the main development of devices was carried out within commercial structures.

By 1931, the C. Lorenz company introduced a wearable radio station designed for a tropical expedition to the river area. Amazon. The use of this device turned out to be successful and the very principle of modular design was made standard for German military radio stations. The main value of the principle was that the chassis of the modules was made of die-cast aluminum alloy “electron” (“Spritzguß”). Sections of modules were connected using connectors, and the difference in the sizes of radio station modules of the same type by 1937/38 amounted to 0.1-0.15 mm! The principle of modularity using light alloys was the first of the main factors in the success of the implementation of military radio communications in Germany.

The second important factor was that it was possible to achieve a very high level of frequency stability parameters, due to the use in frequency-setting circuits of trimmer and conventional capacitors with normalized TKE (positive and negative) and loop coils made using the waxed silver (copper) method on a ceramic base. This method also significantly increased the quality factor of the oscillatory circuit. All this significantly helped to get rid of the dependence on the import of export raw materials from Brazil for the production of quartz resonators. As a result, by 1938, radio stations used quartz resonators mainly in quartz calibrators and much less often in quartz filters.

The third factor was the widespread use of a tunable carbonyl iron core in oscillatory circuits. Circuits made using these cores were distinguished by high quality factor, and therefore efficiency, ensured by low losses in this material.

Another very important factor is in 1933/34. The army provided the industry with a requirement to standardize the radio tubes used. That is, it was proposed to create a line of radio tubes with a filament supply voltage of 12 and 2 V for use in the main types of military radio stations. Moreover, all these radio tubes had to use the same type of lamp panels.

A number of radio tubes have been developed, including the RV12P2000, RV12P4000 and RV2P800. The panels for the RV12P4000 and RV2P800 lamps were equipped with internal rubber shock absorbers that protected the radio lamp during shocks, jerks and impacts. The type of these radio tubes was easy to determine by the color mark: RV12P4000 was green, RV2P800 was blue, and the RV12P2000 radio tube was distinguished by a mark/key in the form of a white triangular marker.

Other radio tubes that were used in German military radio equipment:

Wehrmacht infantry radio communications

Torn series radios. Fu. x/xx
A very massive series of portable infantry radios produced from 1933 until the fall of the Nazi regime. Torn is an abbreviation for the word “Tornister” (backpack, backpack). The radio station differed in name from the single-series receiver Torn.E.b, designated as “Empfanger” (receiver), by the suffix Torn. Fu. X. – “Funk Geret” (radio station).

Torn series radios. Fu. x/xx were distinguished by a rectangular “low” body and consisted of two packages, the radio station itself and the “Zubehör” package with power supplies, antennas and other standard accessories. The exceptions in the type of housing were the radio stations Torn.Fu.g, Torn.Fu.i and Torn.Fu.t, which, in addition to the rectangular “high” housing, also featured increased power of 1.5 W

Infantry backpack HF radio station. The slang name is “Anton”. Used for communications in the Condor Legion brigade (Air Intelligence Division LN/88) in the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). After the Spanish Civil War, these radio stations became the property of the Francoist army.
Operating modes: simplex and duplex. Adjustable filament voltage of radio tubes. Power source: dry batteries and an additional manual generator, the radio receiver is made according to a direct amplification circuit with a super-regenerative detector:

Infantry backpack HF radio station. The slang name is “Bertha”. During the Second World War, Torn.Fu.b1 and Torn.Fu.f were the most common radio stations of the infantry regiments and artillery divisions of the German Wehrmacht.
The receiver and transmitter are separate, with independent settings, assembled in a common housing. The transmitter can store two preset frequencies. The radio station uses RV2P800 pentodes – 7 pcs. and output pentode RL2P3., the radio receiver is made according to a superheterodyne circuit. In addition to the power supplies, the Zubehör packaging compartment contained elements of a folding antenna mast, an antenna rope and cable, spare radio tubes, two pairs of Dfh.a headphones, a telegraph key type Ta.P or TKP, a microphone Hmf.b and laryngophones Kmf.b.

Infantry backpack medium-wave radio station. The slang name is “Casar”.
The radio station uses RV 2 P800 pentodes (7 pcs.) and an RL 2 P3 output pentode. The radio receiver is made according to a superheterodyne circuit.
The receiver and transmitter are separate, with independent settings, assembled in a common housing. The transmitter can store two preset frequencies. In addition to the power supplies, the Zubehör packaging compartment contained elements of a folding antenna mast, an antenna rope and cable, spare radio tubes, two pairs of Dfh.a headphones, a telegraph key type Ta.P or TKP, a microphone Hmf.b and laryngophones Kmf.b.

Infantry backpack VHF radio. The slang name is “Dora”. Area of application - communication between regimental headquarters and battalions and battalions with companies. The radio station was developed by Telefunken in 1936 and was produced without fundamental changes until the end of the war.
The radio station uses pentodes RV 2 P800 (8 pcs.) and RL 2 T2 (1 pc.), the receiver is assembled according to a superheterodyne circuit.
In addition to the power supplies, the Zubehör packaging compartment contained elements of a folding antenna mast, an antenna rope and cable, spare radio tubes, two pairs of Dfh.a headphones, a telegraph key type Ta.P or TKP, a microphone Hmf.b and laryngophones Kmf.b. In addition, a frequency calibrator F pruf.c was installed in the compartment on an RV 2 P 800 radio tube with a reference quartz at a frequency of 7 MHz. When working on the move, the Torn.Fu.d2 kit, along with power supplies, was carried by two servicemen.

Infantry backpack HF radio station. The slang name is “Friedrich”. During World War II Torn. Fu. b1 and Torn. Fu. f were the most common radio stations of the Wehrmacht infantry regiments and artillery divisions. HF radio station Torn.Fu.b1, similar in appearance and design. The only difference between Torn.Fu.b1 and Torn.Fu.f is the transmitter range (3...5 MHz).
The radio station uses RV 2 P800 pentodes (7 pcs.) and an output pentode RL 2 P3; the radio station receiver is made according to a superheterodyne circuit. In addition to the power supplies, the Zubehör packaging compartment contained elements of a folding antenna mast, an antenna rope and cable, spare radio tubes, two pairs of Dfh.a headphones, a telegraph key type Ta.P or TKP, a microphone Hmf.b and laryngophones Kmf.b.

Backpack HF radio station. The slang name is “Gustav”. A backpack HF radio station was used by panzergrenadiers - tank support infantry, including for communication on the battlefield with command tanks and armored personnel carriers.
Lamps: 2x RL2.4P3; 5x RV2.4P700

Infantry backpack radio station. The slang name is “Heinrich”.
10 lamps: RV2.4P700. A version of the Torn.Fu.ha radio station was also produced with a frequency range of 23.1...25 MHz and an output power of 1.5 W.

Infantry backpack HF radio station. The slang name is “Ida”. Telegraph and telephone radio station designed to replace the Torn series. Fu. b1/f/k, more compact and powerful.
The receiver is a superheterodyne with 9 lamps. Powered by two batteries or a manual generator (soldier-motor).

Infantry backpack HF radio station. The slang name is “Kaufmann”. Modification of the Torn radio station. Fu. f. In addition to infantry, the backpack HF radio was also used in artillery battalions.
The radio station uses RV 2 P800 pentodes (7 pcs.) and an RL 2 P3 output pentode. The radio receiver is made according to a superheterodyne circuit

Backpack HF station. Backpack HF station for panzergrenadiers - tank support infantry, similar in type to Torn.Fu.g.
Assembled according to a transceiver circuit - two of the seven lamps work both during reception and transmission, production began at the very end of the war.
Lamp 7: 2xRL2.4P3 and 5xRV2.4P700.

Since 1941, the production of small single-frame infantry VHF radio stations began.

The radios were manufactured by SABA, Minerva-Radio, Radiowerke Horny, Kapsch, Eumig and Radio Mende. The German army placed an order for 15,000 radio stations; in total, about 10,300 radio stations were produced before the fall of the Hitler regime in 1945.
Several hundred Feldfu.b1 and Feldfu.b2 radio stations manufactured since the end of 1944 were produced using a simplified two-tube circuit.

It should be noted that the VHF band in Germany at that time started at 20.0 MHz, which in general made some sense. The radio stations provided a communication distance of at least 1.5 km.

The radio stations use radio tubes RV 2.4 P700, RL 2.4 T1 and RL 2.4 P2, the receiver is assembled according to a super-regenerator circuit, powered by a 2.4 NC 28 battery, such batteries were used to power portable radio stations of the entire Feldfu.x series. Carbolite case, dimensions 125x330x355 mm and weighing 11.5 kg (with battery). The HLS.a device was used to charge batteries in the field, with dimensions of 125x330x355 mm and a weight of 9.9 kg, the basis of the HLS.a charger was a manual “soldier-motor” type HLM.a1.

A small man-portable infantry VHF radio. The slang name is “Dorette”. Manufactured by Stassfurter Rundfunk, production began in 1944. Frequency range - 32...38 MHz, type of operation - TLF (A3) and output power - 0.2 W. The Doretta radio station uses radio tubes RL 1 P2 (2 pcs.) and DDD 25 (1 pc.). The radio receiver is made according to the super-regenerator circuit, dimensions 70x200x130 mm, weight - 1.6 kg. The radio set included a battery compartment and a flexible folding vertical antenna up to 1.5 m long.
The army had intentions of releasing about 15,000 of these radios, but it is clear that these plans were not realized due to the fall of the Hitler regime in early May 1945, but even after the end of WWII, the Czechs produced their own version of this small radio station.

Medium wave portable transmitter. Produced in three versions: 5W-S.a – 1931, manufactured by Militär; 5W-S.b – 1934, manufactured by Telefunken Deutschland (TFK) and 5W-S.c – 1935, manufactured by Telefunken Deutschland (TFK), the appearance and TX version of the radio stations did not differ.
Frequency range 950 – 3150 kHz, types of operation – TLG (A1) and TLF (A3), output power 5 W and power source – dry batteries
Dimensions 350x450x200 mm, weight - 18.8 kg.

Combined arms HF radio station. The 15 W.S.E radio was developed by Telefunken in 1939, model “a” (15 W.S.E.a) was assembled in Germany, while model “b” (15 W.S.E.b) was assembled at the VEF plant in Riga, Latvia, and was called VEF during the German occupation AEG Ostlandwerk GmbH. The start of production for bolt-ons was 1942.
Range - 3...7.5 MHz, types of operation - TLG (A1) and TLF (A3) and output power - 15 W. The radio receiver is assembled using a superheterodyne circuit using RV 2.4 P700 pentodes (8 pcs.), and the transmitter is using an RV 2.4 P700 pentode (modulator) and three RL 4.8 P15 diode pentodes (one in the master oscillator and two in output stage). Dimensions 340x420x220 mm, weight - 18 kg. The radio is powered in the field from the “soldier motor” TM 15a via the EW.f1 power supply, and when installed on vehicles (Fu19 kit, also known as F19SE15) – from a 12V75 battery, U15a umformer and EW.e power supply.

What was the radio of Nazi Germany abroad?

From a Nazi Germany radio booklet for foreign countries, 1938.

Communications in the Wehrmacht

Radio equipment under Lend-Lease

conclusions

Wehrmacht infantry radio communications

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